![]() "And we decide as individuals whether we want to forgive."ĭonald Bolen, the Archbishop of Regina, described the papal visit and apology as "life giving." But when Pope Francis left, Bolen says, it became even more important for the church to take action. "We received the apology each in our own way as individuals," Fontaine says. The apology may not have been accepted by everyone, but Francis's plea for forgiveness is just part of the journey the church must take, Fontaine says. This time, Pope Francis delivered his first apology and committed to bring his atonement to Canada. A timeline of previous papal visits to Canadaįontaine once again travelled to the Vatican with an Indigenous delegation last year.More than 60 per cent of the schools were run by the Catholic Church.įontaine went to the Vatican in 2009 to meet Benedict, who was then the pontiff, and requested an apology. The abuse inside the schools was long kept quiet nationally, but Fontaine broke the silence in 1990 when he spoke about his own experiences at the Fort Alexander Residential School in Manitoba.Īn estimated 150,000 Indigenous children were forced to attend residential schools. Many called for actions, not words.įor Fontaine, the apology was extremely important. Others thought Indigenous Peoples and organizations should disengage with the church altogether because they'd expended enough energy on it. Some criticized Francis for not going far enough. Many Indigenous people said it was necessary, especially for residential school survivors, because it meant the head of the Catholic Church was finally recognizing harms were committed. On his flight back to Rome, in response to a journalist's question, Francis said the abuses Indigenous Peoples faced amounted to genocide. The pontiff would deliver further apologies as he made stops in Alberta, Quebec and Nunavut during the six-day tour. Pope Francis said he was sorry for the Roman Catholic Church's role in the cultural destruction and forced assimilation of Indigenous people, which culminated in residential schools. He delivered his first apology in Maskwacis, a Cree community south of Edmonton, in front of thousands of survivors, leaders and community members. This week marks a year since Pope Francis arrived in Canada. 'A message of hope': Reactions to the Pope's residential school apology. ![]() "And without forgiveness, there can't be any true healing." "Without an apology, it would be impossible to forgive," Fontaine says after taking a few moments to contemplate the historic moment. We perceive two sources of Pennsylvania law which inform and support our analysis.Phil Fontaine has had a year to reflect since he heard an apology from the head of the Roman Catholic Church, something the former Assembly of First Nations national chief fought much of his life to have delivered on Canadian soil. As this case is governed by Pennsylvania law, we look to that forum's pronouncements for guidance. Such a definition cannot be compromised by the passage of time, and leads us inexorably to the conclusion that the earth movement exclusion at issue here does not apply to damage caused by mine subsidence. See Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. Mine subsidence is the lowering of the strata overlying a coal mine, including the land surface, caused by the extraction of underground coal. 2 While these matters are properly before us because they were considered by the district court, the issue of when the mining ceased is irrelevant. The School District, in its motion for reconsideration, and again on appeal, has attempted to create an issue of fact concerning the cessation or continuation of mining activity underneath the schools. We cannot accept, however, the district court's view that as a matter of law the cessation of mining activity fifty years previous to the damage rendered the subsidence a natural, spontaneous event.
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